Have you ever found yourself in that slightly awkward, split-second moment of hesitation when meeting someone from another country? Do you offer a handshake? Go in for a hug? Attempt a bow? That simple, initial interaction is packed with cultural significance, and getting it right can set the tone for your entire relationship, whether business or personal.
A greeting is the first bridge you build between cultures. What’s considered polite and respectful in one country could be unintentionally awkward or even offensive in another. Understanding these diverse customs is important for anyone who travels, works with international colleagues, or simply wants to engage respectfully with our global community.
At Remitly, we believe in fostering these connections. This guide will cover the key dos and don’ts of greeting etiquette around the world, helping you feel more confident and prepared for your next cross-cultural exchange.
Why greeting etiquette matters
A greeting is far more than just a social formality like saying “hello.” It’s a window into a culture’s deepest values and sets the stage for every interaction that follows. The way people greet each other can reflect their views on respect, social hierarchy, personal space, and friendliness.
It’s your first impression
In any interaction, the greeting is the very first piece of information you communicate about yourself. A well-executed, culturally appropriate greeting can convey confidence, respect, and warmth before you even say a word. Conversely, a clumsy or inappropriate one can create an immediate sense of distance or discomfort, forcing you to work harder to build rapport.
It reflects deeper cultural values
Greetings are a physical manifestation of a culture’s standards. For example, the firm, direct handshake common in the United States and Germany reflects a cultural value of efficiency, confidence, and equality. In contrast, the traditional bow in Japan conveys respect, humility, and a keen awareness of social hierarchy. One is not better than the other; they simply communicate different, deeply held cultural ideals.
Common dos and don’ts in greeting etiquette
Navigating the world of global greetings can be complex, but breaking it down by region can make it much more manageable. Here’s a look at some common customs.
Asia: a focus on respect and harmony
In many Asian cultures, greetings are more formal and place a strong emphasis on showing respect, particularly to elders.
Do bow in Japan and South Korea
The bow is a fundamental part of showing respect. In Japan, the depth and duration of the bow depend on the situation’s formality—a slight nod for a casual meeting, a deeper bow for someone of high status. In South Korea, a bow is often accompanied by a handshake, but it’s the bow that signals respect.
Don’t touch someone’s head in Thailand
For Thai people the head is considered the most sacred part of the body. Touching someone’s head, even a child’s, is highly disrespectful. Instead, use the traditional wai—a prayer-like gesture with pressed palms. The higher you hold your hands, the more respect you show.
Do use two hands for business cards
It might feel like this wouldn’t happen so much in our digital age, but in business settings in China, South Korea, and Japan, exchanging business cards is still an important and formal ritual. In fact, in Japan this brief ceremony even has a name, “meishi koukan.” In these countries, business cards are presented and received with both hands. When you’re given a card, take a moment to read it carefully before putting it away; stuffing it into a pocket immediately is considered rude.
Do use the “Namaste” greeting in India
This respectful greeting involves pressing your palms together at chest level and saying “Namaste.” It’s a beautiful, contact-free greeting appropriate for almost any situation.
Europe: a mix of formality and warmth
European greetings can vary widely from the formal north to the more expressive south.
Do expect a cheek kiss in many countries
In France (“la bise”), Spain (“dos besos”), Italy, and Portugal, a light kiss on each cheek is a common greeting between friends, family, and even new acquaintances. The number of kisses and which cheek to start with varies by region, so the best advice is to follow the other person’s lead.
Don’t go in for a hug in Germany
In Germany and much of Northern Europe, a firm, brief handshake is the standard professional and formal greeting. A hug is typically reserved for very close friends and family. A hug from somebody who isn’t a close friend can be seen as an invasion of personal space.
Don’t shake hands across a threshold in Russia
A common superstition dictates that shaking hands or exchanging items over a doorway is bad luck. Always wait until both you and the other person are fully inside or outside.
Latin America: prioritizes warmth and connection
Warmth, friendliness, and physical touch are often integral to building trust and rapport in Latin America.
Do greet with warmth
In countries like Brazil and Argentina, a light hug (“abrazo”) and a single kiss on the cheek are standard, for men as well as women. In Mexico, a warm handshake may be accompanied by a light, friendly touch on the arm or shoulder.
Don’t be reserved or distant
Standing too far away or appearing stiff can be interpreted as unfriendly or distrustful. Embracing a bit of physical warmth in your greeting goes a long way in building a positive connection in the Latin American world.
Middle East: adores tradition and formalities
Greetings in the Middle East are guided by deep-rooted traditions and religious customs, with a strong emphasis on respect for elders and gender dynamics.
Do wait for others to initiate physical contact
This is especially important when greeting someone not of your gender. A conservative woman may not want to shake hands with a man, and vice versa. The most respectful approach is to wait and see if they extend their hand. If they don’t, a polite nod and placing your own right hand over your heart is a perfectly acceptable and respectful gesture.
Don’t show the soles of your shoes
When sitting, pointing the soles of your feet or shoes at someone is considered a grave insult, as the feet are seen as the lowliest part of the body. Always sit with your feet flat on the floor or tucked beside you.
Do use your right hand
The left hand is traditionally considered unclean in many cultures in the Middle East and Africa. Always use your right hand to shake hands, give or receive items, and eat.
Africa: values community and taking your time
Across the vast continent of Africa, greetings are a vital social function focused on building community and showing genuine interest in the other person’s well-being.
Do expect extended greetings
In countries like Nigeria and Ghana, a greeting is more than a quick “hello.” It’s a conversation that includes inquiries about your health, your family, your work, and your journey. Taking the time to engage in this ritual is a fundamental sign of respect.
Don’t rush
Rushing through a greeting is seen as incredibly rude and dismissive. Patience is key. The human connection is valued far more than speed or efficiency.
Do learn the local handshake
Handshakes can be elaborate. In Kenya, a standard handshake is often followed by clasping the other person’s forearm with your free hand. In Liberia, you might see a finger-snap handshake. Observing and learning these shows you are making an effort to connect.
Practical tips for navigating any cross-cultural greeting
Feeling a little overwhelmed? Don’t worry; we’ve got some simple tips that can help you in any situation.
Research before you go
If you’re traveling, a quick online search about the basic customs of your destination can save you from an embarrassing mistake.
Follow social cues and adapt
This is the golden rule. When you arrive or meet someone, take a half-second to observe what other people are doing. Watch how locals greet each other and follow their lead. Never forget that these are not hard and fast rules that can be applied to everybody.
Though customs may be commonplace, every individual will have their own standards for what they’re comfortable with. If someone extends a hand, shake it. If they lean in, follow their cue.
Keep it simple
If you’re truly in doubt, a warm, genuine smile and a polite nod are universally understood and appreciated.
Learn a few words
Learning to say “hello,” “thank you,” and “goodbye” in the local language is a small effort that shows respect and will be valued pretty much everywhere.
Real-life scenarios to consider
The right greeting doesn’t just depend on the country; it also depends heavily on the situation you find yourself in.
For business travelers
Professional greetings can carry significant weight. In the US, an initial meeting or even the closure of a deal might be sealed with a firm handshake and direct eye contact. But remember the examples of Japan, China and South Korea—better to find out how these things are done before your meeting than to make a mistake that could dampen the relationship right from the start.
For tourists and social occasions
When you’re a tourist, you’re a guest. Greeting a shopkeeper with a polite local greeting can result in a much warmer interaction than simply launching into a question. When meeting someone’s family, the etiquette often becomes more pronounced.
For instance, greeting elders with a clear sign of respect, be it a deeper bow in Korea or taking time to ask about their health in Nigeria, is a gesture that will be deeply appreciated.
The role of context in greeting etiquette
Beyond country and situation, context is the final layer that dictates what greeting is appropriate. Always be mindful of the specific circumstances.
Formal vs. informal settings
The way you greet a close friend is naturally different from how you would greet a new boss, and that’s no different in other cultures to how it is in the US. A hug and a loud, cheerful “Hello!” might be perfect for a friend in Spain, but a polite handshake and a more subdued “Good morning” would be appropriate when meeting a business contact for the first time in that same country.
Urban vs. rural differences
Customs can vary significantly even within the same country. People in major metropolitan hubs like London, Tokyo, or New York tend to be more reserved and accustomed to international norms. In more rural or traditional communities, long-standing customs are often practiced more strictly.
Gender and age dynamics
Pay close attention to age and gender. In nearly every culture around the world, elders are shown a higher degree of respect. This might mean letting them initiate the greeting, using a more formal title, or giving a deeper bow. And as we mentioned earlier, gender dynamics, particularly in more conservative cultures, can also dictate whether physical contact is appropriate.
Final thoughts: connecting across borders
Navigating the dos and don’ts of global greetings isn’t about memorizing an endless list of rules. It’s about cultivating an attitude of respect, curiosity, and humility. By making a genuine effort to understand and adapt to the customs of others, you’re doing more than just avoiding a faux pas—you’re building a bridge of understanding and a more meaningful connection.
So, the next time you travel or meet someone from a different culture, embrace the opportunity to learn. That moment of connection, no matter how brief, is what our global community is all about.
FAQs
Why is greeting etiquette different around the world?
Greeting etiquette is a direct reflection of a culture’s unique history, values, and social expectations. These differences are a beautiful expression of global diversity and highlight the importance of approaching other cultures with respect and a willingness to learn, rather than judgment.
What are some universal greeting behaviors I can rely on?
While no single gesture is truly universal, a genuine smile is the closest thing; that’s rarely going to be misinterpreted. Maintaining polite eye contact (while being aware that in some cultures, intense eye contact can be seen as aggressive) and using a respectful tone of voice are also safe bets in most situations.
What should I do if I accidentally breach greeting etiquette?
Don’t panic! A quick, sincere, and humble apology is usually all that’s needed. For example, “I’m so sorry, I’m still learning the customs here. Please forgive my mistake.” Most people are understanding and will appreciate your genuine effort to learn and adapt.
Is it okay to ask someone about their greeting customs?
Absolutely. In fact, politely asking for guidance is a sign of respect and a willingness to learn. You could say something like, “Could you please tell me what the customary greeting is here? I want to be sure I’m being respectful.” This question is almost always welcomed and appreciated.