Key Highlights
Here’s a quick look at what makes Dunnottar Castle a must-see.
- Discover the dramatic ruins of Dunnottar Castle, perched on a cliff overlooking the North Sea.
- Explore a pivotal site in Scottish history, once home to one of Scotland’s most powerful families.
- Learn the incredible story of how the Scottish Crown Jewels were hidden here from Cromwell’s army.
- Wander through centuries of history, from the 14th-century tower house to the 16th-century palace.
- This iconic tourist destination offers breathtaking views and unforgettable photo opportunities.
Introduction
Perched dramatically on a rocky headland jutting into the wild North Sea, Dunnottar Castle is one of Scotland’s most breathtaking sights. These stunning ruins are steeped in the history of Dunnottar, holding stories of saints, Vikings, kings, and queens. As you explore this iconic tourist destination, you’ll walk through centuries of conflict, drama, and survival. More than just a ruined Scottish castle, Dunnottar is a powerful symbol of Scotland’s turbulent and fascinating past, waiting for you to uncover its secrets.
The Storied History of Dunnottar Castle
The history of Dunnottar is a captivating journey through Scottish history. The earliest records, found in the Annals of Ulster, mention sieges on this very rock in the 7th century. Over the years, it played a crucial role in major events, including the Wars of Scottish Independence, where figures like William Wallace left their mark. The fortress was the seat of the powerful Earl Marischal and welcomed royalty, including Mary, Queen of Scots.
This strategic location made it a focal point for battles and sieges, solidifying its importance in Scotland’s story. From its early fortifications to its grand expansion, the castle witnessed centuries of pivotal moments. The following sections will explore its ancient origins, royal connections, and involvement in famous conflicts.
Early Origins and the Picts
The story of this rocky headland begins long before the stone castle you see today. Legend suggests that St Ninian established a chapel here as early as the 5th century, although the first fortifications likely came later. This spot was strategically vital even in the Early Middle Ages.
The first written clues to its importance appear in the Annals of Ulster, which document sieges at ‘Dún Foither’ in 681 and 694. These records suggest that the Picts, the ancient inhabitants of this land, were already using the site as a defensive stronghold. It was a place worth fighting for, even in its earliest days.
The site’s violent history continued when King Donald II of Scotland was killed at Dunnottar during a Viking raid in 900. This event cemented its status as a critical location in the formation of the Scottish kingdom. Although physical evidence of these early forts is scarce, the historical records paint a picture of a place central to power struggles for centuries.
Medieval Expansion and Royal Connections
During the medieval period, Dunnottar transformed from a simple fort into a formidable castle. In the 14th century, the lands were granted to Sir William Keith, who became the Marischal of Scotland. The Keith family would hold Dunnottar for centuries, becoming one of Scotland’s most powerful families. It was William Keith who began the major construction, including the imposing tower house that still stands today.
The castle’s importance grew, and it soon attracted royal visitors. Its status as a key fortress was recognized by James V, who declared it one of the “principall strenthis of our realme.” This royal seal of approval highlighted its strategic value in Scottish history.
Perhaps the most famous royal guest was Mary, Queen of Scots, who visited in 1562 and again in 1564. Imagine the Queen of Scots walking through the great hall or looking out at the same sea views you can see today. These royal connections elevated Dunnottar from a military stronghold to a seat of noble power and prestige.
Dunnottar in the Wars of Scottish Independence
Dunnottar Castle played a dramatic and often brutal role during the Wars of Scottish Independence. According to the poet Blind Harry, the Scottish hero William Wallace captured the castle from the English in 1297. In a grim tale of medieval warfare, Wallace is said to have trapped the defeated English garrison of 4,000 soldiers in the castle’s church and burned it to the ground.
The struggle for control of Dunnottar did not end there. In 1336, King Edward III of England captured the site and began to refortify it as a supply base for his northern campaign. However, his efforts were short-lived.
Before the year was out, the Scottish Regent Sir Andrew Murray led a successful attack, recapturing the castle and once again destroying its defenses to prevent them from being used by the English. These events show just how crucial this coastal fortress was to both sides during the long and bloody fight for Scotland’s freedom.
The Honours of Scotland and Famous Sieges
One of Dunnottar’s most famous tales comes from the 17th century, during the civil wars that swept across Britain. After the coronation of Charles II, the Honours of Scotland—the Scottish crown jewels—could not be returned to Edinburgh Castle because of Oliver Cromwell’s invading army. The precious regalia were entrusted to the Earl Marischal and sent to Dunnottar for safekeeping.
Cromwell’s army soon laid siege to the castle, determined to capture the symbols of Scottish nationhood. As the siege wore on, a daring plan was hatched. The king’s papers were smuggled out first, sewn into the clothes of a kinswoman of the governor’s wife.
The crown jewels themselves were cleverly smuggled out past the English soldiers. One story tells of how they were lowered down the cliffs to a servant, who hid them in a basket of seaweed. Another account credits Christian Fletcher, the local minister’s wife, with carrying them out hidden amongst sacks of goods. The Honours of Scotland were then buried under the floor of a nearby church until they could be safely returned to the king, a testament to the bravery and ingenuity of those who protected them.
Dramatic Legends and Iconic Tales
With a history as long and dramatic as Dunnottar Castle’s, it’s no surprise that it is shrouded in myths and ghost stories. This seemingly impregnable fortress has witnessed immense suffering, from battles to the tragic fate of prisoners held within its walls. These events have left an indelible mark, giving rise to tales that have been passed down through generations.
The very stones of the castle seem to echo with stories of its past. As you explore the ruins, you might feel a chill in the air or a sense of being watched. Let’s look into some of the most famous legends, from tragedies in the vaults to ghostly residents who are said to still roam the grounds.
Myths Surrounding the Castle’s Defenses
Dunnottar’s location alone is the stuff of legend. Perched on a massive rocky headland and surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs, it was designed to be an impregnable fortress. The only approach from the mainland was a narrow, easily defensible path, making any direct assault nearly impossible.
This natural strength gave rise to myths about its invincibility. The formidable curtain wall, which blocks a cleft in the rocks, and the heavily guarded main gate with its tunnels and gun ports added to this reputation. It was a place that looked and felt unconquerable, a symbol of power that could withstand any attack.
However, as history shows, the castle was captured on several occasions. While its defenses were incredibly strong, sieges, trickery, and the changing nature of warfare proved that no fortress is truly impenetrable. Yet, the myth of its unassailable strength persists, a key part of the castle’s dramatic identity.
The Whigs’ Vault Tragedy
One of the darkest chapters in Dunnottar’s history is the tragedy of the Whigs’ Vault. In the late 17th century, this Scottish castle became a makeshift prison. In 1685, 167 men and women, known as Covenanters or Whigs, were arrested for refusing to swear allegiance to the new king, James VII.
These prisoners were forced into a small, dark cellar now known as the Whig’s Vault. For two months, they were held in horrific conditions with little food, water, or sanitation. The cramped space became a scene of immense suffering and death.
Five prisoners died in the vault, while 25 managed to escape, though some fell from the cliffs in their attempt. The tragedy serves as a grim reminder of the brutal religious and political conflicts of the era. When you stand outside the vault today, it’s a somber place to reflect on the human cost of Dunnottar’s long history.
Legendary Residents and Ghost Stories
A castle as old and storied as Dunnottar is bound to have a few ghost stories. The dramatic events and tragic deaths that occurred here have led to many tales of spirits who are said to still wander the ruins. Visitors and staff have reported strange sights and sounds, suggesting the castle is truly haunted.
One of the most well-known ghostly figures is the “Green Lady,” often seen searching the grounds. Her identity is a mystery, with some believing she is a Pictish woman looking for her lost children, while others connect her to the Keith family. Another spirit is said to be that of a young soldier, eternally gazing out towards the sea from a guardhouse.
The wife of the minister who helped save the Honours of Scotland, Christian Fletcher (sometimes known as Mrs. Grainger), is also linked to the castle’s supernatural lore. Though she was a hero, her story is woven into the fabric of the castle’s legends. These ghost stories add another layer of intrigue to the rich Scottish history that surrounds Dunnottar.
Location and Getting There
Finding this magnificent Scottish castle is part of the adventure. Dunnottar is located on the northeast coast of Scotland, perched on a dramatic rocky headland overlooking the North Sea. It sits just about two miles south of the charming coastal town of Stonehaven, making it an easy and popular day trip.
Whether you choose to drive and use the nearby car park or take a scenic walk along the cliffs, the journey to the castle is as memorable as the destination itself. The following sections will guide you on how to find the castle and the best ways to travel from Stonehaven and Aberdeen.
Finding Dunnottar Castle on the Scottish Coast
Dunnottar Castle boasts one of the most spectacular locations on the entire Scottish coast. You’ll find it in Aberdeenshire, situated on a 160-foot-high rocky headland that is almost completely surrounded by the turbulent waters of the North Sea. This isolated position was chosen for defense, but today it offers visitors breathtaking panoramic views.
The castle is connected to the mainland by only a narrow strip of land, which you must cross to reach the entrance. This dramatic approach adds to the experience, making you feel as though you are stepping back in time to a remote and powerful fortress.
The site is about two miles south of Stonehaven, a journey that reveals stunning coastal scenery along the way. As you approach, the silhouette of Dunnottar Castle against the sky is an unforgettable sight. Its position makes it clear why this spot was so important for controlling this stretch of coastline for centuries.
Travel Options from Stonehaven and Aberdeen
Getting to Dunnottar Castle is straightforward, with a few great options available depending on how you want to travel. The castle is easily accessible from the nearby towns of Stonehaven and Aberdeen. Many visitors choose to drive, as there is a dedicated car park on the mainland cliffs overlooking the castle. From there, it’s a short but steep walk down and then up to the castle entrance.
For a more scenic and active journey, the walk from Stonehaven is highly recommended. The cliff-top path is about two miles long and offers spectacular views of the Scottish coast. This route allows you to see the castle appear dramatically on the horizon as you approach, making for a truly memorable experience.
Here are the main travel options:
- By Car: Drive south from Stonehaven for about two miles and follow the signs to the Dunnottar Castle car park.
- On Foot: Take the beautiful coastal path from Stonehaven. The walk takes about 45-60 minutes and is a highlight for many visitors.
- From Aberdeen: Dunnottar is a popular day trip from Aberdeen, approximately a 30-minute drive away. You can also take a train or bus to Stonehaven and then walk or take a taxi to the castle.
Unique Scenery and Striking Architecture
The appeal of Dunnottar Castle lies not just in its history, but in its unique combination of awe-inspiring scenery and fascinating architecture. The dramatic setting on steep cliffs above the North Sea creates a landscape that is both beautiful and forbidding. The distinctive ruins themselves tell a story of a fortress evolving over centuries.
From the imposing curtain wall and medieval tower house to the more elegant 16th-century palace, the structures offer a glimpse into different eras of castle life. The following sections will explore the breathtaking clifftop views and the surviving buildings that make Dunnottar so remarkable.
Clifftop Views Over the North Sea
The clifftop views from Dunnottar are nothing short of spectacular. Standing within the castle walls, you are surrounded by the vast expanse of the North Sea. The sheer, steep cliffs drop 160 feet to the water below, creating a sense of isolation and grandeur that is hard to find anywhere else.
Looking out from the castle, you can watch seabirds soaring and waves crashing against the rocks. The panoramic views extend for miles along the rugged coastline, offering a different but equally stunning vista from every angle. Whether the sea is calm and blue or wild and grey, the scenery is always powerful and evocative.
This setting makes Dunnottar a photographer’s paradise. The way the light changes throughout the day, catching the ancient stonework and the churning sea, provides endless opportunities for capturing the perfect shot. The view from the side of the headland, looking back at the castle, is one of the most iconic images of Scotland.
Distinctive Ruins and Surviving Structures
Beyond the stunning views, the distinctive ruins of Dunnottar offer a fascinating architectural journey. The oldest surviving major structure is the 14th-century tower house, a classic medieval keep that once contained the great hall and private chambers for the lord. Its solid, imposing form stands in contrast to the more refined buildings constructed later.
As you explore further, you’ll find the remains of the 16th-century palace complex. This area included luxurious living quarters with incredible sea views, a large dining room, and even a drawing room. Though mostly roofless now, you can still imagine the grandeur of these spaces where earls and royalty once lived.
A few structures, like the dining room and the Silver House, have been restored, giving you a better sense of their original state. From the heavily fortified main gate to the remains of the chapel and stables, the ruins provide a tangible connection to the people who lived and worked here over hundreds of years.
Visitor Experience at Dunnottar Castle
A visit to Dunnottar Castle is a history lover’s dream and a photographer’s paradise all in one. As you walk the steep path to this iconic tourist destination, you are literally following in the footsteps of centuries of Scottish history. The experience is immersive, allowing you to explore the dramatic ruins at your own pace and soak in the incredible atmosphere.
Whether you’re captivated by the strategic defenses, the tragic legends, or the breathtaking coastal views, a trip to Dunnottar is sure to be your own unforgettable experience. The following tips will help you plan your visit, covering everything from tickets and tours to accessibility.
Opening Hours and Ticket Information
When planning your visit to this amazing Scottish castle, it’s a good idea to check the opening hours and ticket information in advance. The castle is open to the public for most of the year, but hours can vary depending on the season and weather conditions. Due to its exposed location, the castle may close at short notice for safety reasons during high winds or storms.
Tickets can often be purchased on-site, but it is always best to check the official Dunnottar Castle website for the most up-to-date details on pricing and booking. The website will also have information on any closures or special events that might affect your visit. Remember that the last entry is typically one hour before closing time.
The car park is free to use, but access to the castle itself requires a ticket. Here is a general idea of what to expect, but please confirm all details on the official website before you travel.
| Category | Price (Example) |
|---|---|
| Adult | £10.50 |
| Child (5-15) | £4.50 |
| Family (2 adults, 2 children) | £28.00 |
| Student/Senior (with ID) | £9.50 |
Note: Prices and opening times are for illustrative purposes only and are subject to change. Always check the official Dunnottar Castle website for current information.
Family-Friendly Features and Accessibility
Dunnottar Castle can be a fantastic and exciting destination for a family-friendly day out, especially for older children who love exploring historic ruins. The castle’s dramatic setting and rich stories can capture the imagination of young adventurers. It’s a wonderful opportunity for children to learn about history in a hands-on, memorable way.
However, accessibility is a major consideration. The castle is reached via a very steep path and a long series of stairs—around 200 steps in total. This makes it unsuitable for wheelchairs, strollers, and visitors with significant mobility issues. The paths inside the castle are also uneven and grassy.
Keep these points in mind for your family visit:
- Sturdy Footwear: Everyone should wear sensible, sturdy shoes for the steep path and uneven ground.
- Supervision: Close supervision of children is essential due to the steep cliffs and unprotected drops.
- Facilities: There are toilet facilities available near the car park but none within the castle itself.
Guided Tours and Self-Guided Exploration
Exploring Dunnottar is a fantastic experience, and you have options for how you want to discover its secrets. The most common way to see the castle is through self-guided exploration. This allows you to wander through the ruins at your own pace, spending as much time as you like in the areas that interest you most.
Information panels are located throughout the site, providing details about the various buildings and their roles in Scottish history. This self-guided approach is perfect for those who enjoy making their own discoveries and soaking in the atmosphere without a fixed schedule. It lets you create a personal connection with this iconic tourist destination.
While formal guided tours are not always available on a daily basis, the castle staff are incredibly knowledgeable and happy to answer questions.
- Self-Guided: The primary way to visit, allowing for flexibility.
- Information Boards: Learn about the history of each structure as you explore.
- Check Online: It’s a good idea to check the castle’s official website before your visit to see if any special guided tours or events are being offered.
Top Tips for Photography and Best Viewpoints
Dunnottar Castle is a true photographer’s paradise, offering countless opportunities for stunning shots. To capture its best angles, you’ll want to explore the surrounding area as well as the castle itself. The lighting can change dramatically throughout the day, so visiting at different times can yield very different results.
One of the best viewpoints is not at the castle entrance but along the coastal path leading from Stonehaven. This perspective gives you the classic, sweeping view of the castle on its headland, with the North Sea crashing below. The area near the Stonehaven War Memorial on the clifftop also offers a fantastic vantage point for this iconic shot.
Here are a few tips to get the best photos:
- Golden Hour: Arrive early in the morning or stay until late afternoon for the soft, warm light of the “golden hour.”
- The Coastal Path: For the most famous shot, walk back along the coastal path towards Stonehaven.
- Inside the Castle: Use the ancient windows and ruined walls to frame your shots of the sea and the surrounding landscape.
Conclusion
Dunnottar Castle is not just a site of historical significance; it’s a breathtaking tapestry of stories woven through centuries. From its dramatic clifftop views to the echoes of legends that linger in its ruins, every corner of the castle invites exploration and reflection. Whether you’re captivated by its storied past or simply looking to enjoy the stunning scenery, Dunnottar promises an unforgettable experience. As you plan your visit, remember to take a moment to appreciate the site from different angles—each viewpoint offers a unique perspective. We hope this guide inspires you to embark on your own adventure to Dunnottar Castle. For more tips on making the most of your visit, feel free to reach out!
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the must-see highlights at Dunnottar Castle?
Don’t miss the 14th-century tower house, the elegant ruins of the palace, and the Whigs’ Vault. Reflect on the history of Dunnottar by imagining where the Scottish Crown Jewels were hidden. The breathtaking views from the steep cliffs are a highlight in themselves, offering a true sense of the castle’s power.
Is Dunnottar Castle suitable for children and families?
Yes, it can be family-friendly for older children who can safely handle the terrain. However, the main accessibility issue is the very steep path and numerous stairs from the car park, making it unsuitable for strollers or wheelchairs. Close supervision of children is crucial due to the cliff edges.
Are there any special events held at the castle throughout the year?
While the Scottish castle primarily offers self-guided exploration, special events or guided tours may be held occasionally. To make your visit to this iconic tourist destination a history lover’s dream, it is always best to check the official Dunnottar Castle website for the most current information on upcoming events.