Moving to a new country is exciting, but navigating an unfamiliar public transport system can feel overwhelming. Whether you need to commute to work, run errands, or explore your city, understanding Canada’s public transportation options will help make your transition smoother.
At Remitly, we’re here to help. If you’re moving to Canada, this guide will help you understand the essentials of public transit in Canada, covering the different types of public transportation, how to use them, and some tips to help you travel with ease.
Understanding Canada’s public transportation
Canada boasts a well-developed transit network connecting major cities and smaller communities through buses, subways, light-rail systems, and even ferries. Public transport is an affordable, reliable, and eco-friendly way to commute to work, attend school, or explore your new home city.
To improve accessibility and efficiency, Canada is making significant investments in its public transit infrastructure. With the launch of the Canada Public Transit Fund, the government is investing $3 billion annually in transit infrastructure starting in 2026-2027, to expand and enhance transit options nationwide. This means better service, improved connectivity, and more transit options—all of which benefit newcomers looking for reliable ways to get around.
Why public transit matters for newcomers
Canada is known for its vast landscapes, and while many people own cars, public transit is a cost-effective and convenient alternative to car ownership. Although many cities are walkable in Canada, the weather is not always conducive to going on foot. For immigrants to Canada, it’s a lifeline to exploring new surroundings, reaching job opportunities, and accessing essential services. Many systems are designed with newcomers in mind, providing clear schedules, multilingual support, and user-friendly fare options to simplify the experience.
Benefits of using public transportation in Canada
Using public transportation in Canada offers a range of advantages that extend far beyond simply getting from point A to point B.
- Affordability: public transport offers a good way to save money, especially in a big city
- Eco-friendly: reduced carbon emissions, contributing to a cleaner environment
- Social connectivity: offers opportunities to meet locals and learn about your new city
- Reduced stress: avoid traffic, parking hassles, and car maintenance
- Accessibility: many systems provide ramps, elevators, and priority seating for those with mobility challenges
Public transportation options in Canada
Urban transit networks
- Buses: Buses are the most widely available mode of public transport across Canada. Every city has its own bus network, covering downtowns, residential areas, and key hubs. Some cities even offer 24-hour bus service.
- Subways: Subway and light rail systems provide fast, efficient travel across urban centers.
- Toronto (TTC): four subway lines covering key areas of the city
- Montreal (STM): a fully underground metro system with bilingual service
- Vancouver (TransLink SkyTrain): a fully automated light rail system with scenic routes
- Streetcars & trams: Toronto operates North America’s largest streetcar network, offering frequent service for short-distance travel.
- Commuter trains: Services like GO Transit (Ontario) and Exo (Quebec) connect suburban areas to city centers, making daily commutes easier.
- Ferries: In coastal regions like British Columbia, ferries are essential for travel between islands and the mainland.
Intercity travel options available for longer trips
- Trains: Services like VIA Rail offer scenic, comfortable journeys with Wi-Fi and dining options.
- Long-distance buses: Intercity buses provide an economical choice, connecting urban centres and smaller towns.
- Air travel: Flights between cities are the quickest option, though usually more expensive than buses or trains.
- Car rentals and rideshares: Hiring a car or using rideshare services offers the flexibility to travel beyond city limits. (For more information on driving, check out our guide on getting your driver’s licence in Canada.)
Comparing public vs private transportation options
Cost
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- Public transit: generally more cost-effective, with affordable fares and various options for weekly or monthly passes
- Private transport: costs include fuel, insurance, and maintenance, which can accumulate over time
Convenience
- Public transit: extensive networks, but fixed schedules and transfers can sometimes be less convenient
- Private transport: unmatched flexibility, but travel can be affected by traffic and parking
Environmental impact
- Public transit: lower carbon emissions per passenger, with government investment to further reduce transport emissions
- Private transport: high emissions, unless using electric or hybrid vehicles
Maintenance and safety
- Public transit: regularly maintained with routine safety checks
- Private transport: maintenance responsibility falls on owners
Navigating a new public transit system might seem daunting at first, but once you understand the basics, it becomes a straightforward and cost-effective way to get around your new community.
ID requirements
In most Canadian cities, you don’t need to show ID for regular public transit travel. However, discounted fares for students, seniors, and other groups may require proof of eligibility, such as a student card or government-issued ID. Some transit systems offer special ID cards for frequent riders who qualify for reduced rates. Be sure to check with your local transit authority for any specific requirements in your area, as regulations can vary by city and province.
Transit payment options
- Cash: Some buses accept cash, but drivers typically don’t give change.
- Transit cards: Reloadable, contactless transit cards (like the PRESTO Card in Ontario, Compass Card in Vancouver, or OPUS Card in Montreal) offer seamless travel.
- Mobile payments: Many transit systems now accept payments via digital wallets, like Apple Pay or Google Pay, and public transit apps.
- Tickets and passes: Single-ride tickets, day passes, and monthly subscriptions provide savings for frequent riders.
Fare structures
- Single tickets: Ideal for occasional travelers who use public transit infrequently.
- Day and weekly passes: Offer unlimited travel within a set period and are great for short-term visitors or those who need to travel frequently over a few days.
- Monthly or annual passes: Best for daily commuters, providing cost savings over time and often allowing unlimited travel within a specific transit system.
- Discounted fares: Available for students, seniors, and low-income residents in some transit systems. Check your city’s public transport website to see what’s offered.
Planning your routes and schedules
Effective planning is key to a stress-free transit experience. Here’s how you can make the most of your journey:
- Research ahead: Before you head out, take a few minutes to review transit maps, timetables, and service updates. Most transit authorities provide online tools or printable schedules to help you plan your route.
- Plan for transfers: If your journey involves multiple modes of transit—like switching from a bus to a subway—make sure you know where and when these transfers occur. This can help you avoid long waits or missed connections.
- Allow extra time: Unexpected delays can happen, especially during peak hours. Scheduling a little extra time for your commute can help reduce stress and ensure you’re not rushing.
Using transit apps and tools
Transit apps and digital tools can be your best friends when navigating a new city. Here’s how to take advantage of these resources:
- Download reliable apps: Popular options like Google Maps, Apple Maps, and city-specific transit apps offer real-time updates, route planning, and alerts for service changes or delays.
- Set up notifications: Many transit apps allow you to receive alerts about schedule changes, service disruptions, or delays—helping you adjust your plans on the go.
- Explore additional features: Some apps even offer fare calculators and ticket purchasing options, making it easier to manage your travel expenses without needing extra cash.
Useful tips
Follow these tips to have the best experience with public transport in Canada.
- Follow local rules: Respect transit guidelines, such as giving up priority seating and keeping noise levels low.
- Stay alert: Keep an eye on your belongings and surroundings, especially during off-peak times or in crowded spaces.
- Practice good etiquette: Let passengers exit before boarding, avoid loud conversations, and keep personal space tidy.
- Make room for others: Move to the back on crowded buses and trains to create space.
- Be mindful of rush hour: Expect heavier crowds between 7-9 AM and 4-6 PM on weekdays.
- Know emergency procedures: Familiarize yourself with emergency exits and safety instructions in stations and on vehicles.
- Pay before boarding: Many cities require tapping a transit card or ticket at entry points or onboard buses.
- Save money: A monthly pass can be more cost-effective if you use public transport often.
Resources and assistance for immigrants to Canada
Learn where to turn when you need help and how to prepare for any unexpected situations on public transit.
Where to find help or information
- Government websites: Government sites such as Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) provide detailed information on public services.
- Transit authority resources: Check out your city’s transit authority website or information kiosks for route maps, service updates, and more.
- Community centres and newcomer agencies: These centres are excellent for receiving personalized guidance on using public services, including public transit.
Useful contacts and support networks
- Local immigrant support centres: Organisations like the YMCA Newcomer Information Centre and other local services can provide advice and resources tailored to your specific needs.
- Transit customer service: If you ever feel uncertain about routes, schedules, or fares, most transit systems have dedicated customer service lines.
- Community and social networks: Joining community groups or online forums can help you build connections, share experiences, and get tips on navigating everyday challenges.
Preparing for emergencies on public transit
- Know your emergency exits: Familiarise yourself with emergency exit locations on buses, trains, and at transit stations. Emergency procedures are usually posted inside vehicles and on station platforms.
- Keep important contacts handy: Save local emergency numbers, transit customer service contacts, and the phone number of your nearest newcomer support centre on your mobile device.
- Stay informed: Many transit apps and official websites offer real-time alerts for service disruptions or emergencies.
- Carry a small emergency kit: Consider having a basic kit with essentials like a portable phone charger, a copy of your transit pass, and any necessary medication. This can be a lifesaver during unexpected delays or emergencies.
By tapping into these resources and building your support network, you’ll not only be better prepared for emergencies but also feel more confident and connected as you settle into your new life in Canada.
FAQs
Do you need an ID to take a bus in Canada?
Generally, no, you don’t need an ID just to board a bus. However, if you’re eligible for discounted fares (for example, as a student or senior), you might be asked to show an ID for proof of eligibility.
How do you pay for public transport in Canada?
Most transit systems in Canada use contactless payment methods. You can pay using reloadable transit cards (such as PRESTO in Ontario, Compass in Vancouver, or OPUS in Montreal), mobile payment apps, or cash (often requiring exact change). Many cities also offer daily, weekly, or monthly travel passes.
What is the cheapest mode of transport in Canada?
Buses are typically the most affordable option for daily travel. For frequent riders, a monthly pass can further reduce the per-ride cost, and many cities offer discounted fares for students, seniors, or low-income residents.
What is the best way to travel between cities in Canada?
It depends on your priorities. Trains and long-distance buses provide a balance between cost and comfort, with trains offering scenic routes. If you’re short on time, flying might be more convenient, although it can be more expensive.