Every year, millions of people flock to Munich, Germany, for a celebration filled with giant beer steins, traditional Bavarian music, and lively parades. This world-famous event is Oktoberfest, a festival that has become a global symbol of German culture.
But what exactly is Oktoberfest, and how did it become such a massive celebration? This guide will walk you through the history, traditions, and essential facts about the festival. You’ll learn what to expect if you go and how to enjoy the festivities, whether you’re in Munich or celebrating from afar.
What is the history of Oktoberfest?
Oktoberfest began not as a beer festival, but as a royal wedding celebration. On October 12, 1810, Crown Prince Ludwig (who later became King Ludwig I) married Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The citizens of Munich were invited to attend the festivities held on the fields in front of the city gates. These fields were named Theresienwiese (“Therese’s Meadow”) in honor of the Crown Princess, and they are still home to Oktoberfest today. The locals often shorten the name to “Wiesn.”
The celebration concluded with a horse race, which was such a success that the decision was made to repeat it the following year. This marked the birth of the annual Oktoberfest tradition.
Over the years, the festival evolved. The horse races were eventually discontinued, while an agricultural show was added. Small beer stands began to appear in the late 19th century, and these were later replaced by large beer halls sponsored by Munich’s breweries. Today, these beer tents are central to the Oktoberfest experience, hosting millions of visitors from around the world.
When Is Oktoberfest?
Despite its name, Oktoberfest actually starts in September. The festival typically runs for 16 to 18 days, ending on the first Sunday in October. If that Sunday falls on October 1 or 2, the festival is extended to German Unity Day on October 3.
The schedule was moved up to take advantage of better weather. September in Munich offers longer, warmer days, making it more pleasant for visitors to enjoy the outdoor beer gardens and festival grounds.
The opening day is marked by a special ceremony. At noon, the Mayor of Munich taps the first keg of Oktoberfest beer, exclaiming “O’zapft is!” (“It’s tapped!”). This officially kicks off the festivities.
What Are the Key Traditions of Oktoberfest?
Oktoberfest is rich with traditions that have been passed down through generations. These customs are a huge part of what makes the festival a unique cultural experience.
The Beer
Oktoberfest isn’t just about any beer; it’s about a specific type called Märzen. This beer is specially brewed for the festival by six local Munich breweries: Augustiner, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbräu, Löwenbräu, Paulaner, and Spaten. According to tradition, only these breweries are allowed to serve beer at the festival.
The beer is served in one-liter glass mugs called a “Maß” (pronounced “mass”). It’s a strong lager, typically with an alcohol content of around 6%, so it’s wise to enjoy it responsibly.
Traditional Clothing
Many visitors and locals dress in traditional Bavarian attire, known as “Tracht.” For men, this means “Lederhosen”—leather breeches that are often worn with a white or checkered shirt, long socks, and sturdy shoes.
For women, the traditional outfit is the “Dirndl.” This consists of a bodice, a blouse (usually white and often with puffy sleeves), a full skirt, and an apron. The way the apron is tied can signify a woman’s marital status. Tying the bow on the left means she is single, on the right means she is married or in a relationship, and in the back means she is a widow or a waitress.
The Food
Oktoberfest offers a delicious array of traditional German food. Popular dishes include:
- Wurstl (Sausages): You’ll find many types of sausages, from Bratwurst to Weisswurst.
- Hendl (Roast Chicken): A festival staple, these chickens are roasted on a spit until the skin is crispy.
- Brezn (Pretzels): These giant, soft pretzels are perfect for snacking on with your beer.
- Käsespätzle: A cheesy noodle dish, often compared to macaroni and cheese.
- Schweinebraten (Roast Pork): A classic Bavarian dish served with gravy and dumplings.
Parades
Two major parades take place during the opening weekend. The first, on the opening Saturday, features the brewery landlords and tent owners making their way to the Theresienwiese in decorated horse-drawn carriages.
The second parade happens on the first Sunday of the festival. This is a much larger event, with around 9,000 participants, including regional costume groups, marching bands, and historical riflemen. They march through the city of Munich in a spectacular display of Bavarian pride.
A Global Celebration
Oktoberfest is a celebration of Bavarian culture, community, and tradition. It brings people together to enjoy good food, good beer, and good company. While the main event is in Munich, the spirit of Oktoberfest has spread across the globe, with cities from Cincinnati, USA, to Blumenau, Brazil, hosting their own versions of the festival.
Whether you’re planning a trip to Munich or simply want to understand the cultural significance behind this famous event, you now have a clear picture of what makes Oktoberfest a beloved tradition worldwide. So, raise a glass and say “Prost!” (Cheers!).
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there an entrance fee for Oktoberfest?
No, admission to the Theresienwiese festival grounds and the beer tents is free. However, you will need to pay for food, drinks, and rides.
Can I bring my children to Oktoberfest?
Yes, Oktoberfest is a family-friendly event. Children are welcome in the beer tents, but there are restrictions. Kids under six must leave the tents by 8 p.m., even if they are with their parents. There are also many amusement rides, games, and family-friendly attractions outside of the tents.
Do I need to make a reservation for a beer tent?
Reservations are not required, as a portion of seats in each tent are kept open for walk-in visitors. However, the tents fill up quickly, especially on weekends and in the evenings. If you have a large group, making a reservation well in advance is highly recommended to guarantee a table.