Imagine waking up to your phone buzzing with a typhoon warning alert. For many people living in the Asia-Pacific region, this is a familiar experience that can bring stress and uncertainty. Typhoons are powerful storms that can disrupt daily life and damage homes. Knowing how they form, what to expect, and ways to prepare can help you feel more confident, whether you live in a typhoon-prone area or plan to travel there.
In this Remitly guide, we’ll walk through how typhoons develop, their main characteristics, and practical steps to stay safe. We’ll also clarify how they differ from hurricanes and cyclones, so you can better interpret weather updates.
What exactly is a typhoon?
A typhoon is a type of tropical cyclone that occurs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. These storms have sustained winds of at least 74 mph, which can topple trees, damage buildings, and lead to flooding in vulnerable areas.
Typhoons have a recognizable structure:
- The eye is the calm area at the center.
- The eyewall is where the strongest winds and heaviest rain occur.
- Spiral rainbands are outer bands that bring heavy rain and gusty winds across wide areas.
This structure explains why one neighborhood may experience flooding while another nearby faces mostly wind damage. Coastal areas often face storm surges and flooding, while inland areas may experience heavy rainfall and falling trees. Knowing about these parts of a typhoon can make weather alerts easier to understand.Typhoons are measured not only by wind speed but also by the rainfall and storm surge they produce. In many cases, flooding caused by heavy rainfall can be more dangerous than the wind itself, especially in low-lying areas or near rivers. If you live in one of these regions, preparing for both wind and water is equally important.
How do typhoons form?
Typhoons develop under very specific conditions. Warm ocean water, typically 80 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, fuels the storm. The heat causes water to evaporate, sending moist air upward. Low atmospheric pressure in the region allows this air to converge and rise, encouraging rotation. The Coriolis effect, caused by the Earth’s rotation, adds the spinning motion.The process often begins with a tropical disturbance. If it gathers energy, it can intensify into a tropical depression, then a tropical storm, and finally a typhoon once sustained winds get above 74 mph.
In the Northwest Pacific basin, where warm waters and favorable atmospheric conditions often align, typhoons are more likely to form. Low wind shear—meaning the wind speed and direction don’t change dramatically with altitude—is also important. Strong variations can prevent the storm from forming.
Typhoons often move westward toward the Philippines, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia, before curving north toward Japan and sometimes Korea. While forecasts can predict a general trajectory, local land features, ocean temperatures, and other weather patterns can influence the storm’s path. Staying updated with local forecasts is always a good precaution.
Typhoon categories and strength
Not all typhoons are alike. They are classified by wind speed and intensity, using a scale similar to the Saffir-Simpson system used for hurricanes. This classification helps communities understand potential damage and prepare accordingly.
| Category | Wind Speed | Details | Example |
| 1 | 74-95 mph | Strong winds, some damage to trees and buildings | Typhoon Pabuk (2019) in Thailand |
| 2 | 96-110 mph | Roof and tree damage are likely | Typhoon Meari (2004) in Japan |
| 3 | 111-129 mph | Severe structural damage is possible | Typhoon Megi (2010) in the Philippines, Taiwan, and China |
| 4 | 130-156 mph | Widespread, serious damage | Typhoon Hato (2017) in Macau and southern China |
| 5 | 157+ mph | Extreme and extensive destruction | Typhoon Haiyan (2013) in the Philippines |
It’s important to remember that these categories only measure wind speed. Rainfall, storm surge, and local geography also shape the actual impact on a community.
For instance, a slower-moving Category 2 storm that lingers can cause serious flooding, while a fast-moving Category 4 typhoon may cause more damage from wind than from water. Even lower-category storms can be dangerous if they linger over populated or low-lying areas, so staying prepared for all hazards is essential.
Typhoons vs. hurricanes vs. cyclones: What’s the difference?
Typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones are essentially the same type of storm; they just go by different names depending on the region:
- Typhoons: Northwest Pacific Ocean
- Hurricanes: Atlantic Ocean and Northeast Pacific
- Cyclones: South Pacific and Indian Ocean
The seasons differ slightly, too. Hurricanes are most common from June to November, typhoons strike from May to November, and cyclones typically occur from November to April.
While the names differ, the steps for preparation and safety strategies are similar worldwide.
When and where typhoons strike
Typhoons usually form during the warmer months when ocean temperatures are highest. Countries most affected include the Philippines, Japan, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and South Korea. While typhoons can be intense and disruptive, local communities often have established systems to warn residents and provide guidance.
Climate change may be influencing typhoon behavior, making storms more intense and increasing rainfall and flooding. Warmer ocean temperatures fuel stronger storms, and higher sea levels can increase flooding risks. Keeping these trends in mind can help you prepare more effectively, such as by preparing an emergency kit or reviewing evacuation plans.
Communities in high-risk areas often have early warning systems, evacuation shelters, and coordinated response plans. Staying familiar with how these systems work in your area can help you respond quickly when alerts are issued.
Staying safe during a typhoon
Following simple typhoon safety tips and making calm, proactive decisions can make a big difference.
Before the storm
Before a typhoon approaches, taking time to plan and prepare can reduce stress and potential harm. Start by identifying evacuation routes and safe shelters in your area. Many local governments provide maps and guides, so it’s worth checking official sources. Knowing where to go if conditions become dangerous can save valuable time.
Next, create a family communication plan, including important contact numbers and a meeting spot. Many families use messaging apps to stay connected and ensure everyone has access to emergency funds if needed.
Gathering an emergency kit is another key step. Essentials can include:
- Bottled water for at least three days
- Non-perishable food items
- Flashlight, extra batteries, and a battery-powered or hand-crank radio
- Medications and first aid supplies
- Important documents (ID, insurance papers, bank information) in a waterproof bag
- Cash in small denominations
- Small comforts for children, pets, or elderly family members, like blankets, toys, or snacks
It’s also important to understand the difference between a Typhoon Watch and Warning:
- Typhoon Watch: Typhoon conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or higher) are possible in a stated area, usually announced 48 hours before tropical-storm-force winds may start.
- Typhoon Warning: Typhoon-force winds are expected, typically issued 36 hours before tropical-storm-force winds begin, giving people time to prepare.
During the storm
When the typhoon arrives, staying indoors and away from windows is safest. If possible, remain in a central room or basement. Flooding often poses the biggest danger. Even shallow water can hide hazards or carry vehicles away. Avoid walking or driving through floodwaters, as these risks can be life-threatening.
Keep phones charged and have a battery-powered or hand-crank radio to stay informed in case the power goes out.
If strong winds damage your home, try to stay calm and listen for updates from local authorities. Avoid using candles if gas leaks are possible, and don’t attempt repairs until conditions improve.
After the storm
Wait until officials confirm it’s safe before going outside. Floodwaters and debris may still be hazardous. Watch for downed power lines, weakened structures, or gas leaks.
Community support often makes recovery easier. Helping neighbors, especially older adults, people with disabilities, or families with young children, can make a real difference.
And don’t forget to take care of your own well-being. Stress, anxiety, and sleep disruption are common after major storms. Staying connected with friends and family can help you feel supported throughout recovery.
The impact of typhoons
Typhoons affect communities in multiple ways. They can disrupt businesses, agriculture, and transportation, and people may face property damage or displacement. At the same time, typhoons also bring rainfall that replenishes freshwater supplies and supports local agriculture.
Past storms show the wide range of impacts. Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 devastated the Philippines with over 6,000 fatalities, while Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018 caused extensive flooding and agricultural losses in the Philippines and Hong Kong.
More recently, Typhoon Goni in 2020 struck the Philippines with record-breaking winds, and Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 brought severe flooding to Japan. These storms highlighted the value of early warnings and coordinated evacuations in saving lives.
In response to repeated storms, many communities have strengthened building codes, upgraded drainage systems, and developed organized disaster response groups. These adaptations, along with regional and international support networks, continue to build resilience against future typhoons.
Preparing for the next storm
Understanding how typhoons develop and what they can bring helps you feel more prepared. Keeping an emergency kit, reviewing your family’s plan, and staying informed through local weather updates can give you peace of mind.
If you have loved ones living in typhoon-prone regions, staying connected and helping them prepare can be just as important. Having access to emergency funds is often part of that support, and services like Remitly can make it easier to send money quickly when it’s needed most.
FAQ
How are typhoons different from tornadoes?
Typhoons are large storms that span hundreds of miles and last several days. Tornadoes are smaller, short-lived events formed from thunderstorms, typically lasting only minutes to an hour. Typhoons can affect broad areas, while tornado damage is more localized.
Can typhoons be predicted accurately?
Forecasting has improved a lot. Warnings are often available several days in advance, though the exact path and intensity can still shift.
What should I do if I’m traveling to a typhoon-prone area?
Check local weather reports and travel advisories. Prepare for possible delays and make sure you have access to emergency contacts and travel insurance.
How strong can typhoons get?
Some of the strongest recorded typhoons have had winds over 190 mph. Factors like water temperature, wind shear, and other environmental factors naturally limit the storm’s strength.
Do typhoons affect areas far from the ocean?
Yes. Even after weakening, they can still bring heavy rainfall, flooding, and landslides inland.