Key Highlights
- Immerse yourself in Mongolian culture by staying with a nomadic family in traditional ger camps.
- Explore the vast and diverse landscapes of the Gobi Desert, from sand dunes to the Flaming Cliffs.
- Witness the country’s most important cultural event, the Naadam Festival, featuring unique sports.
- Discover Mongolia’s incredible wildlife, including the rare wild horses in Hustai National Park.
- Hike, camp, and stargaze in the stunning scenery of Terelj National Park, located near the capital.
- Experience the thrill of horseback riding across the endless green steppe.
Introduction
Have you ever dreamt of a land with endless blue skies, vast, untouched landscapes, and a culture that has remained unchanged for centuries? Welcome to Mongolia, a destination that promises an adventure of a lifetime. This country is a paradise for nature lovers and those fascinated by ancient traditions. From the sprawling Gobi Desert to the warm hospitality of its people, Mongolia offers a unique opportunity to disconnect from the modern world and immerse yourself in its profound nomadic culture.
Things to Do in Mongolia: Immersing in Nomadic Culture and Scenic Views
Mongolia is a country of incredible contrasts, where every traveler can find something to spark their sense of wonder. The best way to experience this land is to dive headfirst into its unique blend of activities, which combine breathtaking scenic views with deep cultural immersion. What are the top attractions you absolutely can’t miss?
From staying with nomads to witnessing ancient festivals, the opportunities for an authentic adventure are endless. You can explore a variety of unique experiences, whether you’re trekking through mountains, riding camels in the desert, or learning about the traditions of the local people.
1. Stay in a Traditional Mongolian Ger with a Nomad Family
One of the most authentic ways to experience Mongolian culture is by staying in a ger, the traditional round tent used by nomads. These transportable homes are central to the nomadic lifestyle. While many tourist-focused ger camps exist, the most memorable experience comes from staying with a local nomadic family. This offers a genuine glimpse into their daily lives and customs.
Imagine spending your evenings by a warm wood stove, sharing stories, and learning firsthand about the traditions of your hosts. A ger is typically a circular tent with a wooden frame, a single door, and beds lining the walls. It’s a simple, cozy, and vital part of life for the nomads of the steppe.
Choosing to stay with a family rather than in a large, commercial camp provides an unparalleled cultural exchange. It’s an opportunity to understand the deep connection the Mongolian people have with their land and animals. This is how you truly connect with the heart of Mongolia.
2. Explore the Vast Wilderness of Khövsgöl Lake
Often called the “Blue Pearl of Mongolia,” Khövsgöl Lake is a must-see for any nature lover. This massive freshwater lake holds a significant portion of the world’s fresh water and is surrounded by pristine wilderness. The crystal-clear water and lush, forested shores create a stunning landscape that feels worlds away from the desert regions.
The area around the lake is perfect for hiking, horseback riding, and simply soaking in the serene atmosphere. While many travelers visit the main shores, the province has more to offer, including a region locals call “heaven on earth” with dramatic cliffs and the Ushir waterfall. It’s a top attraction that showcases the country’s diverse natural beauty.
Are you looking for a place to truly disconnect? The remote and untouched nature of the Khövsgöl Lake region offers a peaceful escape. It’s a perfect spot to appreciate the raw, untamed beauty of Mongolia and see a different side of its varied geography.
3. Experience the Thrill of Horseback Riding Across the Steppe
In Mongolia, there’s a saying: “A Mongolian without a horse is like a bird without wings.” This perfectly illustrates the deep connection between the people and their horses. No trip to this country is complete without the unique experience of horseback riding across the vast, open steppe. The Mongolian horses, known for their short and stout build, are perfectly adapted to the rugged terrain.
Riding one of these semi-wild stallions is a thrilling way to see the countryside and connect with the heart of Mongolian culture. Whether you’re a seasoned equestrian or a beginner, riding alongside nomads gives you a new perspective on the landscape. It’s an activity that goes beyond tourism; it’s a way of life.
Horse racing is also a major part of the culture, especially during festivals like Naadam. Embarking on a horseback journey, even for just a few hours, allows you to follow in the footsteps of centuries of nomads and experience the freedom of the endless Mongolian plains.
4. Hike and Photograph the Altai Mountains
For the ultimate outdoor adventure, journey to the remote Altai Mountains in western Mongolia. This is a dream destination for trekkers and photographers, offering some of the most dramatic and breathtaking scenery in the country. The Altai Tavan Bogd National Park is home to snow-capped peaks, clear alpine lakes, and sprawling glaciers.
This region is where you’ll find Khuiten Uul, the highest peak in Mongolia, standing at 4,374 meters (14,350 feet). While reaching the summit is for experienced mountaineers, the trek to its base camp is a rewarding day hike that provides incredible views. The area’s raw beauty, with its forested shores and vast landscapes, is a photographer’s paradise.
Exploring the Altai Mountains is more than just a physical challenge; it’s an opportunity to witness a truly wild and untouched part of the world. You can also discover ancient petroglyphs and meet local Kazakh eagle hunters, adding a rich cultural layer to your adventure.
5. Witness the Naadam Festival’s Unique Sports and Celebrations
If you want to experience Mongolian culture at its most vibrant, plan your visit around the Naadam Festival. Typically held in July, this is the country’s biggest and most important celebration. The entire nation shuts down as people gather to watch the “three manly games”: wrestling, horse racing, and archery. These sports are a spectacular display of strength, skill, and tradition.
The festival is an incredible cultural spectacle. You’ll see thousands of people dressed in traditional attire, celebrating their heritage with immense pride. The horse racing events are particularly thrilling, with young jockeys guiding their horses across long stretches of the steppe. It’s a cultural site and experience you shouldn’t miss.
Attending the Naadam Festival offers a deep dive into the soul of Mongolia. It’s a time of national unity and celebration, where ancient traditions come to life. Witnessing the athletic prowess and festive atmosphere is an unforgettable experience that showcases the enduring spirit of the Mongolian people.
6. Visit the Ancient Buddhist Monasteries, Including Amarbayasgalant Khiid
Mongolia has a rich Buddhist history, and visiting its ancient monasteries offers a peaceful and spiritual experience. While there are over a thousand Buddhist sites, Amarbayasgalant Khiid is one of the most impressive. Located in a remote, vast grassland, its grand architecture and serene atmosphere make it a standout cultural site.
This monastery is one of the largest and most well-preserved in the country. Its remote location adds to its mystique, making the journey there feel like a pilgrimage. Walking through its courtyards, you can feel the history and see monks continuing their ancient practices. It’s a powerful contrast to the wide-open landscapes that surround it.
Another notable monastery is Tövkhön Khiid, a beautiful complex perched in a forested mountain area. Founded by the first Buddhist leader of Mongolia, Zanabazar, it was a place for meditation and solitude. Exploring these sacred sites provides a deeper understanding of Mongolia’s spiritual heritage.
7. Marvel at the Flaming Cliffs in the Gobi Desert
The Flaming Cliffs, known locally as Bayanzag, are one of the most iconic attractions in the Gobi Desert. These striking, bright orange rock formations are a geological wonder and a must-see for anyone traveling through Mongolia. The cliffs get their name from the fiery red and orange glow they emit, especially during a dramatic sunset.
This area is not just visually stunning; it’s also a world-famous paleontological site. The first-ever discovery of dinosaur eggs was made here, and paleontologists continue to unearth full skeletons of dinosaurs that roamed this land millions of years ago. It’s a place where you can feel the immense scale of geological and natural history.
Watching the sun sink behind the Flaming Cliffs is a magical experience. The landscape transforms, and the colors intensify, creating a moment of pure awe. It’s a popular spot for both tours and independent travelers, and it truly lives up to its reputation.
8. Camp Under the Stars in Terelj National Park
Just a short drive from Ulaanbaatar, Terelj National Park offers a refreshing escape into nature. Known for its rolling green hills, unique rock formations, and lush terrain, it’s a favorite destination for both locals and travelers. One of the most unique experiences you can have here is camping under the stars.
As the world’s most sparsely populated country, Mongolia boasts some of the darkest skies on Earth. Away from the city lights, the sky in Terelj National Park comes alive with an incredible display of stars. Pitching a tent in this serene environment is a perfect activity for nature lovers looking to connect with the wilderness.
The park is also great for hiking and exploring its scenic beauty. Even though it’s the busiest national park due to its proximity to the capital, it’s easy to find a quiet spot to feel completely immersed in nature. Stargazing here is an experience that will leave you in awe of the universe.
9. Try Traditional Mongolian Cuisine and Vegan-Friendly Delicacies
Experiencing a country’s culture isn’t complete without tasting its food. Traditional Mongolian cuisine is hearty and heavily based on meat and dairy, reflecting the nation’s nomadic lifestyle. Trying these local delicacies is essential to understanding life on the steppe. Some must-try dishes include:
- Buuz: Steamed meat dumplings, a local favorite.
- Huushuur: Fried pockets of meat, crispy and delicious.
- Tsuivan: A noodle stir-fry with hand-cut noodles and meat.
- Airag: Fermented mare’s milk, a traditional and esteemed beverage.
While the traditional diet is meat-heavy, you might be surprised to find vegan-friendly options, especially in the capital. Ulaanbaatar has a growing number of restaurants catering to different dietary needs, making it easier for vegan travelers to enjoy Mongolian hospitality.
Exploring the food scene, from a family-cooked meal in a ger to a modern restaurant in the city, offers a full spectrum of flavors. Don’t be afraid to try something new; it’s all part of the adventure in Mongolia.
10. Meet the Reindeer Herders of East Taiga
For a truly off-the-beaten-path attraction, journey to the remote East Taiga region in northern Mongolia to meet the Tsaatan people. They are one of the last groups of nomadic reindeer herders in the world, and their way of life is deeply intertwined with these gentle animals. Visiting them is an incredible and humbling experience.
Reaching their camp is an adventure in itself. It requires a long drive over rugged mountain roads, followed by a multi-hour journey on horseback. This difficult trek ensures that the region remains untouched and pristine, offering a genuine look into a culture that few outsiders ever see.
Living alongside the Tsaatan, you’ll learn about their unique traditions and their symbiotic relationship with their reindeer. It’s an unforgettable opportunity for nature lovers and adventurous travelers to witness a vanishing way of life in one of the most remote corners of the planet.
11. Journey to the Singing Sand Dunes of Khongoryn Els
Located within Gobi Gurvan Saikhan National Park, the sand dunes of Khongoryn Els are one of Mongolia’s most spectacular natural wonders. These towering dunes, some reaching heights of up to 300 meters, stretch for over 100 kilometers. They are famously known as the “Singing Sands” for a unique reason.
When the wind blows across the fine sand, it creates a deep, humming sound that resembles an airplane engine. This natural phenomenon is both eerie and mesmerizing. Climbing to the top of these massive dunes is a challenging but rewarding effort, offering panoramic views of the Gobi Desert.
The best time to experience the Singing Sands is at sunset, when the light casts a golden glow over the landscape. An overnight stay in a nearby ger camp allows you to fully appreciate the beauty and tranquility of this top attraction.
12. Discover Off-the-Beaten-Path Destinations Like Ikh Gazryn Chuluu
If you’re looking to escape the main tourist trails, Mongolia is full of hidden gems. The granite mountains of Ikh Gazryn Chuluu offer a unique desert landscape, with rugged rock formations and caves that hold interesting local stories. It’s a peaceful area where you can immerse yourself in desert culture away from the crowds.
Exploring these lesser-known destinations provides a more intimate and adventurous experience. Some other incredible off-the-beaten-path attractions include:
- The White Stupa (Tsagaan Suvarga): A stunning cliff formation that resembles the ruins of an ancient city.
- The Golden Eagle Festival: A unique cultural event in the west where Kazakh hunters showcase their skills.
- Bayanzürkh: A pristine region in Khövsgöl province with dramatic cliffs and waterfalls.
Venturing to these places requires a bit more planning, but the reward is a raw, unadulterated adventure. You’ll get to see parts of Mongolia that few travelers do, creating memories that will last a lifetime.
Must-Visit Cultural Sites and Experiences in Mongolia
Exploring Mongolia’s cultural richness leads to amazing experiences. The stunning white stupa at Gandan Monastery offers a glimpse into Mongolian culture and spirituality. Don’t miss visiting a traditional ger camp, where you can engage with a nomadic family and taste mare’s milk, a local delicacy. For unique experiences, journey to the Flaming Cliffs, where you can imagine the footsteps of dinosaurs, or participate in the exhilarating Golden Eagle Festival. Each site captures the essence of this magnificent land.
13. Explore Ulaanbaatar’s Sukhbaatar Square and National Museum
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital city, is the bustling heart of the nation and the starting point for most journeys. At its center lies Sukhbaatar Square (now Chinggis Square), a vast public space surrounded by important government buildings. It’s a great place to start your exploration and feel the city’s pulse.
Just a short walk from the square is the Chinggis Khaan National Museum. This modern museum provides a fascinating journey through Mongolian history, from ancient empires to the life of the great Khan himself. It’s a must-visit cultural site to gain context before venturing into the countryside.
While some find Ulaanbaatar’s Soviet-era architecture underwhelming at first glance, the city is full of hidden gems. Taking the time to explore its central square and museums provides valuable insight into the country’s rich past and its transition into the modern world.
14. Attend a Throat Singing Performance
One of the most unique and captivating aspects of Mongolian culture is the art of throat singing, or “khoomei.” This incredible vocal technique allows a performer to produce multiple pitches simultaneously, creating a mesmerizing and otherworldly sound that mimics the sounds of nature. It’s a unique activity that you can’t experience anywhere else.
This ancient art form has been passed down through generations of Mongolians and is deeply connected to the country’s animistic and shamanistic beliefs. The singers use their vocal cords to create a low, droning fundamental pitch along with a higher, whistling overtone, a skill that takes years to master.
You can find throat singing performances in Ulaanbaatar, often as part of a larger cultural show that may also include traditional dance and music. Witnessing a live performance is a powerful experience that offers a direct connection to Mongolia’s ancient artistic traditions and spiritual heritage.
15. Visit the Genghis Khan Statue Complex
A testament to national pride, the Genghis Khan Statue Complex is one of Mongolia’s most iconic modern tourist attractions. Located about an hour’s drive from Ulaanbaatar, this colossal statue depicts Genghis Khan on horseback, gazing east toward his birthplace. Standing 40 meters (131 feet) tall, it is the largest equestrian statue in the world.
The gleaming stainless steel statue is an impressive sight, rising dramatically from the surrounding steppe. Visitors can take an elevator up to the viewing deck on the horse’s head, which offers a breathtaking panoramic view of the landscape. It’s a powerful symbol of Mongolian culture and history.
The complex also includes a museum that provides further insight into the Mongol Empire. A visit to this monumental statue is a must for anyone interested in the legacy of Genghis Khan and his impact on the world. It’s a cultural site that perfectly blends history with modern grandeur.
16. Shop for Handmade Crafts at Local Markets
A wonderful way to connect with Mongolian culture and bring a piece of it home with you is by exploring the local markets. Here, you can find a wide array of beautiful handmade crafts and unique souvenirs that reflect the country’s artistic traditions. It’s a great opportunity to support local artisans and find a meaningful memento of your trip.
From bustling city markets in Ulaanbaatar to smaller pop-up stalls in the countryside, you’ll discover items that are both beautiful and functional. Look for high-quality products that showcase traditional craftsmanship. Some popular items to shop for include:
- Cashmere sweaters and scarves
- Hand-tooled leather goods, such as belts and bags
- Traditional clothing, known as “deel”
- Felt slippers and other wool products
- Silver jewelry with traditional motifs
Shopping at these markets is a unique experience in itself. You can interact with the vendors, learn about the materials and techniques used, and find authentic, locally-made treasures. It’s a perfect way to end your journey and find a special souvenir to remember your time in Mongolia.
Outdoor Adventures and Guided Tours
Exploring the vast Mongolian landscape offers countless outdoor adventures, perfect for nature lovers. Horseback riding through the steppe allows you to experience the nomadic culture intimately. Joining a guided tour can lead you to stunning spots like Terelj National Park and the majestic dunes of Khongoryn Els, where you can ride camels and witness breathtaking sunsets. Don’t miss events like the Golden Eagle Festival or horse racing, as these experiences enrich your journey through this remarkable terrain.
17. Embark on a Jeep Expedition Across the Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert covers a massive area of 1.3 million square kilometers, and one of the best ways to traverse its rugged landscape is on a Jeep expedition. These guided tours allow you to cover vast distances and reach remote sites that would be difficult to access on your own. A sturdy 4×4 vehicle is essential for navigating the unpaved roads and challenging terrain.
Many popular tours offer a comprehensive Gobi experience, often in a reliable vehicle like a vintage Russian van or a modern 4×4. These tours typically come as a package, making your adventure hassle-free.
Joining a guided Jeep expedition ensures you have support for navigation, vehicle maintenance, and communication. It’s a fantastic way to experience the best of the Gobi Desert safely and efficiently.
| Feature | What’s Included |
|---|---|
| Vehicle | A 4×4 vehicle (often a Toyota Landcruiser or Russian van) with a driver. |
| Navigation | GPS system and experienced guide to navigate the unmarked roads. |
| Accommodations | Stays in ger camps and all necessary camping equipment. |
| Support | Often includes a translator, mechanic, and a support vehicle for luggage. |
| Meals | All meals are typically provided for the duration of the trip. |
18. Join a Photography Tour in Hustai National Park to Spot Wild Takhi Horses
Are you an animal lover or a passionate photographer? A guided tour to Hustai National Park is an experience you won’t want to miss. This park was created to protect the Przewalski’s horse, locally known as Takhi. These are the last truly wild horses on Earth and were reintroduced to their native habitat here after going extinct in the wild.
Joining a photography tour increases your chances of spotting these elusive animals. Guides know the best times and locations for viewing, which is typically around dusk or dawn when the horses come to drink. The park’s landscape of rolling grassy hills provides a stunning backdrop for your photos.
This popular guided experience focuses on responsible wildlife viewing. It’s a fantastic opportunity to see the ancestors of the domesticated horse in their natural environment and capture incredible images of Mongolia’s unique wildlife.
19. Relax at Tsenkher Hot Springs After a Day of Exploration
After days of hiking, horseback riding, or driving on bumpy roads, there’s no better way to unwind than by soaking in a natural hot spring. Tsenkher Hot Springs, located at the foot of a forested mountain, is the perfect place for relaxation and rejuvenation. It’s one of the best outdoor adventures for those looking to combine exploration with comfort.
The water at Tsenkher is naturally heated to 85°C (185°F) and is believed to have healing properties, helping to soothe sore muscles and improve digestion. You can relax in outdoor pools while enjoying beautiful views of the surrounding hills or opt for a steaming indoor bath.
This destination is open year-round, offering a cozy retreat even in the colder months. Many ger camps in the area have their own pools, providing comfortable accommodations for nature lovers. It’s the perfect way to recharge your batteries in the middle of your Mongolian adventure.
Conclusion
Mongolia is a land of breathtaking landscapes and rich nomadic culture, offering a wealth of experiences for every traveler. From staying in a traditional ger with a local family to exploring the stunning wilderness of Khövsgöl Lake, each activity immerses you deeper into the heart of this unique country. Don’t miss the chance to witness the vibrant Naadam Festival or hike the majestic Altai Mountains. Whether you’re seeking adventure or cultural enrichment, Mongolia has something extraordinary to offer. As you plan your journey, remember to embrace the local customs and savor the delicious Mongolian cuisine. Ready to embark on an unforgettable adventure? Get in touch with us today for personalized travel tips and recommendations!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best time of year to visit Mongolia for sightseeing?
The best time of year to visit Mongolia is during the summer months, from June to August, when temperatures are warm and the landscape is green. The shoulder seasons of September and October are also wonderful, with fewer crowds and beautiful autumn colors, though you should be prepared for cold nights.
Are there any recommended week-long itineraries for exploring Mongolia?
For a week-long itinerary, nature lovers can focus on Central Mongolia. This loop could include a trip to the Gobi Desert to see the sand dunes and Flaming Cliffs, a visit to Hustai National Park to spot wild horses, and exploring the ancient capital of Karakorum, offering a great mix of landscapes and culture.
Are there any vegan-friendly things to do or places to visit in Mongolia?
Yes, there are vegan-friendly options in Mongolia, especially in the capital, Ulaanbaatar. The city has a growing number of restaurants that cater to vegan diets, offering plant-based versions of local delicacies and international dishes. While challenging in the countryside, it’s becoming easier to enjoy Mongolian cuisine as a vegan.