Moving to a new country is exciting, but it can also be challenging, especially when navigating a language that isn’t your own. Even simple tasks like ordering food, asking for directions, or chatting with a neighbor can feel overwhelming when every word matters. Misunderstandings often happen because literal translations miss the nuance of language, culture, or context.
At Remitly, we know that learning a new language is part of feeling at home abroad, but you don’t need to become fluent overnight to start building meaningful connections. Even a few well-chosen phrases, learned in context, can transform daily interactions. This guide explores common phrases from around the world, showing their true meanings and explaining why direct translation sometimes fails.
Why direct translation doesn’t always work
If you’ve ever tried using a translation app, you’ve probably seen results that don’t quite make sense. Literal translations often miss context.
For example, in English, saying “I’m feeling under the weather” means you’re feeling unwell, but not literally standing beneath bad weather. Translate that phrase literally into another language, and the meaning may disappear entirely.
Even within the same language, a phrase can shift dramatically. Context, tone, and relationships all influence how it is understood. Cultural expressions shape how we communicate feelings, humor, politeness, and even time, which makes language learning more nuanced than simply memorizing words. Idioms grow out of shared experiences—family life, weather, history, or popular stories—which is why expressions often can’t be explained by grammar alone.
European languages: meaning beyond words
Europe offers some of the clearest examples of how everyday phrases serve as cultural expressions that literal translations can’t capture. Understanding these subtleties is key to speaking naturally and avoiding misunderstandings. Below are some common expressions in French, German, Spanish, and Italian, complete with pronunciation guides and tips for proper usage.
French
Ça va?
- Pronunciation: sah-VAH
- Literal translation: It goes?
- Contextual meaning: Usually it means “how are you?” or “are you okay?” Depending on tone, it can be both a question and an answer. If someone asks, Ça va?, you can reply with Ça va! to say you’re fine.
Je suis plein (e)
- Pronunciation: zhuh SWEE plehn (masc.) / zhuh SWEE plehnn (fem.)
- Literal translation: I am full.
- Contextual meaning: You may mean to say you’ve had enough to eat, but most French interpret it to mean “I’m pregnant.” A safer alternative is Je n’ai plus faim, or “I’m not hungry anymore.”
German
Wie geht’s?
- Pronunciation: vee GAYTS
- Literal translation: How goes it?
- Contextual meaning: This is an informal way of asking “How are you?” Often shortened from the more formal “Wie geht es Ihnen?”
Ich verstehe nur Bahnhof
- Pronunciation: eekh fer-SHTAY-eh noor BAHN-hof
- Literal translation: I only understand train station.
- Contextual meaning: The German way to say “I don’t understand anything,” similar to the English expression “It’s all Greek to me.”
Da haben wir den Salat
- Pronunciation: dah HAH-ben veer den ZAH-lat
- Literal translation: There we have the salad.
- Contextual meaning: An expression used to mean “That’s a mess,” or “What a problem!”
Spanish
¿Qué tal?
- Pronunciation: keh TAHL
- Literal translation: What such?
- Contextual meaning: A casual greeting, like “How’s it going?” or “What’s up?”
Como una cabra…
- Pronunciation: KOH-moh OO-nah KAH-brah
- Literal translation: Like a goat
- Contextual meaning: This is an expression to say someone is crazy or eccentric.
Italian
Prego
- Pronunciation: PREH-go
- Literal translation: I pray
- Contextual meaning: Prego is used often in everyday conversation and takes on many different meanings depending on the context. It can mean “you’re welcome,” “please,” “go ahead,” or “how can I help you.”
In bocca al lupo
- Pronunciation: een BOHK-kah al LOO-poh
- Literal translation: Into the wolf’s mouth.
- Contextual meaning: The Italian way to wish someone good luck, similar to “break a leg” in English. The proper reply is Crepi il lupo!, “May the wolf die!”.
Mi fa cagare
- Pronunciation: mee fah cah-GAH-reh
- Literal translation: It makes me poop.
- Contextual meaning: A blunt way of saying something is terrible. Definitely not for formal situations!
Regional variations
Beyond literal vs. contextual meanings, learning a new language can also be a challenge due to regional differences. Most languages have regional variations and dialects, making comprehension across regions tricky and adding an extra layer of complexity for learners.
In Italy, for example, Salve is a polite greeting in the north, while Ciao is used more broadly in the south, even with strangers. This difference may seem minor, but locals may perceive you as overly informal or even rude if using Ciao in the north.
In Germany, dialects such as Bavarian, Swabian, and Saxon can make even common phrases hard to understand for non-locals. Someone from Bavaria might say Grüß Gott instead of the standard Hallo, and the grammar and pronunciation can differ significantly.
Spanish also varies widely. In Spain, vosotros is used for the informal plural you, while in Latin American, ustedes replaces it entirely. Vocabulary can also differ: a “bus” is autobús in Spain, but in Mexico it’s often called camión, which literally means “truck.” These subtle differences can confuse learners and lead to amusing misunderstandings.
Asian languages: context is everything
In many Asian languages, meaning often depends on formality, tone, and the relationship between speakers. A literal translation may be correct, but without considering cultural expectations, it can sound awkward or even rude. Understanding this is essential for accurate translation and smooth cross-cultural communication.
- Mandarin Chinese distinguishes between elders, colleagues, and friends, with small shifts in tone or word choice turning a friendly expression into an impolite one.
- Japanese uses honorifics and hierarchical verb forms to convey respect or familiarity.
- Korean adjusts verb endings and word choices depending on formality.
- Hindi relies on polite phrasing, word choice, and tone to convey the right level of respect, even without honorifics.
Mandarin
Chī le ma? (吃了吗?)
- Pronunciation: chir luh MAH
- Literal translation: Have you eaten?
- Contextual meaning: A common greeting, especially among older generations. It’s similar to saying “How are you?”
Jiāyóu! (加油!)
- Pronunciation: jyah-YOH
- Literal translation: Add oil!
- Contextual meaning: A phrase of encouragement, like “You can do it!” or “Keep going!”
Mǎmǎhūhū (马马虎虎)
- Pronunciation: ma-ma HOO-hoo
- Literal translation: Horse horse tiger tiger
- Contextual meaning: A way of saying something is so-so, average, or careless.
Japanese
Arigatou gozaimasu (ありがとうございます)
- Pronunciation: ah-ree-gah-TOH goh-zah-ee-MAHSS
- Literal translation: Thank you very much.
- Contextual meaning: A polite or formal way of expressing thanks, suitable for work or when addressing someone respectfully. Compare this to the more casual arigatou used with friends or peers.
Otsukaresama desu (お疲れ様です)
- Pronunciation: oht-soo-KAH-reh-sah-mah DEHSS
- Literal translation: You must be tired.
- Contextual meaning: Commonly used in workplaces to acknowledge effort. It shows appreciation, not literal tiredness.
Korean
Annyeong (안녕)
- Pronunciation: ahn-NYONG
- Literal translation: Peace
- Contextual meaning: An informal way of saying “hello” or “goodbye,” used with close friends, peers, or children.
Annyeong haseyo (안녕하세요)
- Pronunciation: ahn-NYONG hah-seh-YOH
- Literal translation: Are you at peace?
- Contextual meaning: The polite way of saying “hello,” used in most situations where respect is expected.
Hindi
Namaste (नमस्ते)
- Pronunciation: nah-MAH-stay
- Literal translation: I bow to you.
- Contextual meaning: A respectful greeting, used both formally and casually.
Jugaad (जुगाड़)
- Pronunciation: joo-GAHD
- Literal translation: Stems from a word meaning a “joining” or “union”
- Contextual meaning: Refers to a clever, resourceful fix or an innovative solution to a problem, often with limited resources.
Achha (अच्छा)
- Pronunciation: un-CHAH
- Literal translation: Good
- Contextual meaning: Can mean “okay,” “I see,” or “Really?” depending on context.
Unexpected meanings: phrases that surprise native English speakers
Words that look familiar but mean something entirely different are called false friends. These can be confusing because they sound or look like words you already know, yet their meanings are unexpected.
A classic example is the word “library.” From the Latin “Library,” in English it’s a place to borrow books. In romance languages, including Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, similar looking and sounding words actually mean “bookstore.”
When I first learned Italian, I noticed many words look and sound like English, often with similar meanings. But then there’s the verb eccitare. I once used it to say I was excited for an upcoming holiday, only to be corrected by a friend: in Italian, it means “sexually aroused.” We had a laugh, and I never made that mistake again.
Here are a few more examples from around the world that may lead to some misunderstandings.
Hindi: Phul (फूल )
Pronounced “phool,” this word sounds like the English word “fool,” but it actually means “flower.” A small reminder that sound-alike words can be tricky for learners.
French: Pain
Although it looks identical to the English word “pain,” in French it simply means “bread.”
Russian: Magazin (Магазин)
Looks like “magazine,” but in Russian it means “store” or “shop.” Confusing for English speakers who expect a periodical.
Spanish: Embarazada
A common false friend, it literally means “pregnant.” English speakers often mistake it for “embarrassed,” which can lead to awkward but amusing misunderstandings in conversation.
Norwegian: Eventuell
While it resembles the English word “eventual,” in Norwegian, it means “possible” or “potential.” It’s another reminder that similar-looking words aren’t always what you expect.
Tips for better cross-cultural communication
Language learning isn’t just about memorizing vocabulary; it’s about understanding cultural expressions and building bridges of communication. Whether you’re traveling abroad for leisure, navigating daily life in a new country, or working with international colleagues, these tips can help you communicate more effectively and confidently.
Learn phrases in context, not isolation.
Instead of memorizing single words, practice full expressions you might actually use in real situations. For example, knowing how to say “Excuse me, where is the train station?” is more useful than simply knowing the word for “train.”
Talking with locals is another great way to learn in context. While books and formal classes teach the “correct” forms, real conversations show how people actually use the language day-to-day. Picking up these nuances makes your communication feel natural and respectful.
Use translation apps wisely.
Apps like Google Translate are great for a quick reference, especially during short trips when learning a new language in-depth isn’t possible. However, it’s important not to rely on them word-for-word. Apps often miss idioms, humor, or cultural nuance, so use them as a tool rather than a crutch.
For more accurate context, tools like DeepL, Reverso, or WordReference can provide example sentences and show how phrases are used in real conversation. These resources can help you understand tone and subtle meaning beyond a literal translation.Some features may require a subscription, and no app is perfect for complex or professional conversations.
Be culturally sensitive.
Pay attention to how locals use greetings, body language, and polite phrases. Even a simple nod, hand gesture, or phrase can carry different weight depending on local customs. Observing and mirroring behaviors can prevent misunderstandings and show respect for local culture.
Ask for clarification
If you’re unsure what someone means, don’t be afraid to ask, “What does that mean in this context?” Most people will appreciate your effort to understand. Asking for clarification can turn a potentially awkward situation into a learning opportunity, and it could even spark friendly conversation.
Master foreign phrases with confidence
At the heart of language is connection. Words carry culture, emotion, and history, which is why context matters just as much as grammar. By paying attention to these layers of meaning, you can avoid misunderstandings and enjoy richer interactions.
Embracing mistakes as learning opportunities helps you grow, and even small efforts, like asking for clarification or noting how a phrase is used in real conversation, go a long way in building confidence.
Practical tools like translation apps, online dictionaries, and language-learning platforms can support your journey, but real understanding comes from practice and observation. Keeping a personal phrase journal where you note pronunciation and context can help you remember useful expressions for travel or professional interactions. By approaching language with curiosity, respect, and flexibility, you can navigate new cultures more smoothly and enjoy more meaningful connections wherever you go.
FAQs
What’s the difference between literal translation and contextual meaning?
Literal translation sticks to word-for-word meaning, while contextual meaning considers how tone, culture, and situation shape interpretation.
Which translation apps are most reliable for everyday phrases while traveling abroad?
Popular options include Google Translate, DeepL, and WordReference. They’re useful, but not perfect for idioms or slang. For more accurate context, look for features that show example sentences or usage notes, rather than relying solely on word-for-word-translations.
How can I avoid embarrassing translation mistakes while traveling abroad?
Learn phrases in context, practice them in conversation, and observe how locals use them. Don’t hesitate to ask for clarification if you’re unsure, and approach mistakes as opportunities to learn and connect.
Why do some phrases have completely different meanings in different regions?
Language evolves with culture. The same word or phrase may adapt differently in various communities or regions.
What should I do if I accidentally offend someone due to a translation error?
A simple apology and sincere explanation usually go a long way. Most people appreciate the effort and understand that mistakes are part of learning.