If you’re an expat living in the UK, you may be interested in exporting goods to your home country for personal reasons or for business. A strong understanding of customs regulations and export requirements will ensure a smooth process. While there are several bureaucratic processes to navigate, with the right information, you can manage shipping, tariffs, and duties with confidence.
Remitly understands the unique challenges immigrants face when staying connected across borders, from sending money to exporting goods. This guide will help you to determine which licences and paperwork you need and to navigate the processes associated with HMRC and other customs authorities smoothly.
Understanding the basics of exporting
In simple terms, exporting is when you send goods from the UK to another country, called the destination country. The rules you need to follow depend on several factors, such as the type of goods and whether you’re shipping to the EU or other regions. You’ll also have to consider any licence requirements for restricted products.
Typical steps include:
- Classifying your product with the correct commodity code
- Checking if you need an export licence or special certification
- Preparing an export declaration for HMRC or to declare goods at the border
- Arranging shipping or freight transport, including insurance and packaging
A great first step is to explore trusted resources like GOV.UK’s official export guidance. Your responsibilities may differ depending on whether you’re in England, Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland, so checking local rules ensures a smooth process.
Why Exporting from the UK Might be Necessary for You
For many newcomers to the UK, shipping items back home helps preserve cultural ties and support family traditions. Others see it as an opportunity to grow a small business or supplement their income.
A few common reasons why exporting might be useful include:
- Personal shipments: Sending gifts, household goods, or personal belongings to relatives or friends
- Small business: Selling handmade crafts or specialised merchandise to overseas customers
- Consolidating resources: Transporting larger cargo, such as furniture or large equipment, when moving abroad
- Cultural exchange: Sharing UK products with communities back home
Each scenario requires a unique approach to compliance. Knowing your reasons for exporting can help you plan your next steps.
Benefits of proper export procedures
Following the correct export rules may seem complicated, but it can save time and hassle.
- Avoid legal issues: Non-compliance can result in penalties, seizures, or delays.
- Faster clearance: Well-prepared documents and accurate customs declarations help goods move through border checks quickly.
- Financial protection: Knowing how to classify goods and understanding duty rates helps you budget well and avoid surprise costs.
- Stronger reputation: When you export for business, being reliable and following the law helps build trust with customers and partners overseas.
Know Your Export Process
You might not need to follow the full export process for certain shipments, especially if they’re small or non-commercial.
Determine export requirements
Whether you’re sending personal, business, or dual-use items, knowing the requirements helps the process go smoothly. Dual-use goods often need extra checks, while personal items, like belongings or gifts, may need simpler documentation.
Start by asking:
- Are my products for commercial or personal use?
- Do my goods appear on a restricted list? (e.g., firearms, chemicals, sensitive technology)
- Will they exceed personal allowance limits at the border?
For commercial items above a certain value, check the export guidelines at great.gov.uk to see if your goods have to be declared electronically.
Understanding licences and certificates
Different licences can apply to your items, especially if your product has military, high-tech, or agricultural aspects. For example:
- Export licence: Required for restricted goods or strategic items
- Health certificates: Common for food or animal products
- Phytosanitary certificates: Needed for plants or seeds to ensure they meet the destination’s biosecurity standards
If you’re not sure, check with the UK Export Licensing Authorities or HMRC. They will provide step-by-step information to help you determine whether your shipment requires extra controls. Overlooking these requirements could result in confiscated goods or fines.
Check the Rules for Exporting Your Goods
International shipping can feel overwhelming, but a little preparation goes a long way. Every country has its own import rules, so you’ll need to check that your goods meet both UK regulations and the destination’s requirements.
Country-specific export rules
If you’re sending goods to the EU, it’s important to know that the rules have changed since Brexit. Some items might face tariffs or duties if they don’t meet the rules of origin, and they’ll have to qualify for zero-duty trade agreements. If you’re shipping to countries outside the EU, you’ll also have to follow that region’s specific regulations. Here are some things to consider:
- Trade agreements: Some countries have special deals with the UK that lower tariff rates if goods come from the UK.
- Local restrictions: Items like medication, alcohol, or cultural artefacts may face stricter requirements.
- Translation: Certain countries require documentation in their local language.
Understanding rules of origin
Rules of origin show where a product was made and decide whether it receives tariff benefits. If your item is primarily made or assembled in the UK with local materials, it may be considered “UK origin.” This could lower the customs duties and make shipping more affordable. Follow these tips to comply with the rules of origin:
- Identify your item’s origin: Evaluate the material and production processes used.
- Keep proof: Invoices, production logs, or supplier certificates help confirm local content.
- Review relevant trade agreements: For example, the UK has deals with countries outside the EU post-Brexit, offering 0% duty if your goods meet certain thresholds.
Check out the official GOV.UK rules of origin guide if you need detailed instructions for your product category.
Necessary documents for exporting
Documents typically include:
- Commercial invoice outlining product description, value, and seller/buyer details
- Packing list, listing what’s in each package
- Export declaration filed with HMRC or a local port authority
- Certificates (if applicable), such as certificate of origin or phytosanitary certificate
- Insurance documents to confirm coverage in case of damage or loss in transit
Being prepared with these records before shipping day can save you time and help avoid any border issues. Keeping copies of all forms ensures you have everything you need if questions arise or if you ever need to prove compliance.
Get Your Business Ready to Export
If you’re exporting as a sole trader or small business owner, setting up a strong foundation can make the process more efficient. Even if you’re sending personal shipments, it can be helpful to use professional practices, especially if you plan to send goods regularly.
Preparing your business infrastructure
Ask yourself:
- Do I have an EORI number? An Economic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) number is mandatory for commercial exports outside the UK.
- How will I track inventory? Good record-keeping is essential for both shipping and tax compliance.
- Should I hire a freight forwarder? If you handle large volumes or complex goods, a freight forwarder can streamline shipping.
Setting up an organised system for labelling items, scheduling shipments, and maintaining digital records of transactions can reduce stress later. You’ll have an easier time providing HMRC with any requested information.
Financial considerations and compliance
Organising your financial operations is important, whether you’re paying duty, VAT, or shipping costs. Here are three things to remember when planning for exporting:
- Budget for customs duties: Check your item’s commodity code to estimate potential tariff charges in the receiving market.
- Evaluate freight insurance options: It’s usually cheaper to manage a single annual insurance policy if you plan regular exports.
- Consider exchange rates: If you’re invoicing in another currency, exchange rates can impact your overall profit or shipping cost.
Handling your finances responsibly can free up energy to grow your export operations.
VAT and tax compliance
VAT (Value Added Tax) plays a central role in exporting. Typically, you can zero-rate many exported goods if they are leaving the UK. However, you must:
- Keep proof of export: This can be airway bills, bills of lading, or official customs documents.
- File correct returns: If you incorrectly apply zero VAT, you risk penalties.
- Check the destination’s tax rules: Some goods might need local taxes or fees upon arrival.
If you make repeated errors in your VAT calculations, HMRC might carry out audits or impose fines. Maintaining good record-keeping helps you defend your zero-rating claim.
Deciding Export Declarations and Transportation
Shipping logistics can be handled by you directly or by a professional. Your choice depends on complexity, cost, and personal comfort with legal requirements.
Choosing a shipping provider
Many exporters rely on couriers, cargo companies, or freight forwarders to handle shipping. They can:
- Arrange export declarations
- Provide packaging advice or special handling
- Offer groupage services (combining multiple shipments for cost efficiency)
It’s useful to look for references or reviews. A reputable provider will clarify their roles in dealing with customs clearance and help ensure your goods arrive safely.
Completing customs declarations
You or your shipping agent will need to submit a customs declaration to HMRC if you are sending items outside the UK. This can be done electronically via software or by employing a customs broker. Key information includes:
- Your EORI number
- Consignee details in the destination country
- Commodity code and origin details
- The item’s commercial value and invoice references
Remember to be accurate, as mistakes lead to delays, rejections, or possible fines. If you’re unsure, check official HMRC guidance to clarify procedures.
Insurance and risk management
Overseas shipping carries some risks like damage, theft, or delays. Consider an insurance policy that covers:
- All-risk coverage for physical loss or damage
- Public liability if you’re dealing with hazardous materials
- Consequential loss coverage if product delays might cause business interruption
While additional insurance increases your shipping costs, it can give you peace of mind, especially for high-value, time-sensitive, or fragile goods.
Important Considerations When Exporting
Whether you’re shipping personal packages or building an export-focused business, it’s normal to face a variety of challenges.
Challenges and solutions in the export process
- Language barriers: Not all destinations speak English. Check if translations of packaging or documents are required.
- Fluctuating regulations: The global trade landscape can shift quickly. Subscribe to gov.uk updates to stay informed.
- Payment security: Ensure payment terms are detailed clearly if you’re selling goods overseas. Letters of credit or online payment platforms can protect your interests.
Effect of Brexit on exporting
After Brexit, the UK is no longer part of the EU customs union. This has resulted in:
- Customs checks at the EU border for UK goods
- Potential tariffs for goods not meeting specific rules of origin
- Separate Northern Ireland protocols, so shipping from Great Britain to Northern Ireland requires distinct steps
If you’re shipping to EU countries, you’ll need to pay close attention to the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement for guidance on which goods remain duty-free if they originate in the UK.
FAQs
Do you need a licence to export from the UK?
It depends on the goods. While many everyday products (clothes, general electronics, etc.) don’t need an export licence, items like military equipment, certain software, high-end technology, or agricultural seeds may require one. Always check the relevant information at GOV.UK Export Controls to avoid non-compliance.
Is there a tax on exports from the UK?
Many goods exported from the UK can be zero-rated for VAT if you can prove they leave the country within set deadlines. However, you might face duty or tax in the destination country upon arrival. Additionally, certain products subject to excise duties in the UK may involve different rules or partial refunds if they’re ultimately shipped out.
What documents can be used as proof of export from the UK?
Examples include commercial invoices, bills of lading, airway bills, or official customs declarations. You can also use freight forwarder invoices or tracking receipts if they show the goods leaving UK territory. Keeping a record of these documents supports your zero-VAT claim and compliance if audited by HMRC.
What is the most exported product from the UK?
From a broad perspective, the UK is well-known for exporting automobiles, machinery, pharmaceuticals, and high-end consumer goods. However, data changes every year. You can see updated figures from sources like the Office for National Statistics for the latest breakdown of top exports.